![]() ![]() ![]() For example, X ∼ N ( 0, 1 ) X\sim N(0,1) means that the distribution of the random variable X is standard normal. In probability and statistics, may specify the probability distribution of a random variable. Standard notation for an equivalence relation. Often used for denoting other types of similarity, for example, matrix similarity or similarity of geometric shapes. Denotes the asymptotic equivalence of two functions or sequences. Between two numbers, either it is used instead of ≈ to mean "approximatively equal", or it means "has the same order of magnitude as". For having more symbols, other typefaces are also used, mainly boldface a, A, b, B, … (for a more accurate approximation, see pi). In mathematical formulas, the standard typeface is italic type for Latin letters and lower-case Greek letters, and upright type for upper case Greek letters. As the number of these sorts has remarkably increased in modern mathematics, the Greek alphabet and some Hebrew letters are also used. Letters are used for representing many other sorts of mathematical objects. Historically, upper-case letters were used for representing points in geometry, and lower-case letters were used for variables and constants. The decimal digits are used for representing numbers through the Hindu–Arabic numeral system. The most basic symbols are the decimal digits (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9), and the letters of the Latin alphabet. As formulas are entirely constituted with symbols of various types, many symbols are needed for expressing all mathematics. A mathematical symbol is a figure or a combination of figures that is used to represent a mathematical object, an action on mathematical objects, a relation between mathematical objects, or for structuring the other symbols that occur in a formula.
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